What are the economic costs of building and maintaining water treatment plants?

The cost to build a water treatment plant is estimated at $204 million. This includes design, construction and environmental approval costs (Hare, 2017) .The average cost of maintain a treatment is roughly $254,000,000. Plant operations and maintenance costs are broken down into five (5) categories: Salaries and Benefits, Materials and Supplies, New Equipment, Services and Rents and Other Charges. Materials & Supplies is further segregated into Utilities (power and water), Machine and Equipment Parts, Chemicals and Other Materials and Supplies. The total cost of plant operation in 2016 was $1.94M. A breakdown of 2016 annual operations and maintenance costs is shown in Table 8 and illustrated in Figure 1.  (North Toronto Water treatment Plant, 2017)